Alexander the Great Timeline

356 Alexander born in Pella. The exact date in unknown, but probably either 20 or 26 July.

Philip captures Potidaea.

Parmenio defeats Paeonians and Illyrians.

354 Demosthenes attacks idea of a 'crusade against Persia'.

? Mid-summer: Philip captures Mathone: loses an eye in the battle.

352 Artabazus and Memnon refugees with Philip, who now emerges as potential leader of crusade against Persia.

351 Philip's fleet harassing Athenian shipping.

Demosthenes' First Philippic.

348 August: Philip captures Olynthus.

Aeschines' attempt to unite Greek states against Philip fails.

346 March: embassy to Philip from Athens.

Halus besieged by Parmeniio

April: peace of Philocrates ratified.

Second Athenian embassy held up till July.

July: Philip occupies Thermopylae.

August: Philip admitted to seat on Amphictyonic Council, and presides over Pythian Games.

Isocrates publishes Philippus.

344 Philip appointed Archon of Thessaly for life.

343 Non-aggression pact between Philip and Artaxerxes Ochus.

Trail and acquittal of Aeschines.

3431/2 Aristotle invited to Macedonia al Alexander's tutor.

3421/2 Olympia's' brother Alexander succeeds to throne of Epirus with Philips backing.

340 Congress of Allies meets in Athens.

Demosthenes awarded gold crown at Dionysia.

Alexander left as Regent in Macedonia: his raid on Maedi and the foundation of Alexandropolis.

Philip's campaign against Perinthus and Byzantium.

339 September: Philip occupies Elatea.

Isocrates' Panathenaicus.

338 ? August 2: Battle of Chaeronea.

Alexander among ambassadors to Athens.

Philip marries Attalus' niece Cleopatra.

Oylmpias and Alexander in exile.

337 Spring: Hellenic League convened at Corinth.

Recall of Alexander to Pella.

Autumn: League at Corinth ratifies crusade to against Persia.

336 Spring: Parmenoi and Attalus sent to Asia Minor for preliminary

military operations.

June: accession of Darius III Codomannus.

Cleopatra bears Philip a son.

Wedding of Alexander of Epirus to Olympias' daughter.

Murder of Philip.

Alexander accedes to the throne of Macedonia.

Late summer: Alexander calls meeting of Hellenie League at

Corinth, confirmed as Captain-General of anti-Persian crusade.

335 Early spring: Alexander goes north to deal with Thrace and Illyria.

Revolt of Thebes.

334 Alexander and the attacking force cross into Asia Minor.

May: Battle of the Granius.

General reorganization of Greek cities in Asia Minor.

Siege and capture of Miletus.

Autumn: reduction of Halicarnassus.

Alexander advances through Lycia and Pamphylia.

333 Alexander's column moves north to Celaenae and Gordium.

Death of Memnon.

Mustering of Persian forces in Babylon.

Episode of the Gordian Knot.

Alexander marches to Ancyra and thence south to Cilician Gates.

Darius moves westward from Babylon.

September: Alexander reaches Tarsus: his illness there.

Darius crosses the Euphrates.

? Sept.-Oct.: Battle if Issus.

Alexander advances southward though Phoenicia.

Marathus: first peace-offer by Darius.

332 ? January: submission of Byblos and Sidon.

Siege of Tyre begun.

? June: second peace-offer by Darius refused.

July 29: fall of Tyre.

Sept.-Oct.: Gaza captured.

? November 14: Alexander crowned as Pharaoh at Memphis.

331 Early spring: visit to the Oracle of Ammon at Siwah.

? April 7-8: foundation of Alexanderia.

Alexander returns to Tyre.

July-August: Alexander reaches Thapsacus on Euphrates; Darius moves his main forces from Babylon.

September 18: Alexander crosses the Tigris.

Darius' final peace-offer rejected.

Sept. 30 or Oct. 1: Battle of Gaugamela.

Macedonians advance from Arbela on Babylon, which falls in mid-October.

Revolt of Agis defeated at Megalopolis.

Early December: Alexander occupies Susa unopposed.

Alexander forces Susian Gates.

330 ? January: Alexander reaches and sacks Perseplis.

? May : burning of temples etc. in Persepols.

Early June: Alexander sets out for Ecbatana.

Darius retreats toward Bactria.

Greek allies dismissed at Ecbatana; Parmenio left behind there, with Harpalus as Treasurer.

Pursuit of Darius renewed, via Caspian Gates.

July; Darius found murdered near Hecatompylus.

Bessus establishes himself as 'Great King' in Bactria.

March for Hyrcania begins.

Late August: march to Drangiana.

The 'conspiracy of Philotas'.

March though Arachosia to Parapamisidae.

329 March-April: Alexander crosses Hindu Kush by Khawak Pass.

April-May: Alexander advancing to Bactria; Bessus retreats across the Oxus.

June: Alexander reaches and crosses the Oxus; veterans and

Thessalian volunteers dismissed.

Surrender of Bessus.

Alexander advances to Maracanda.

Revolt of Spitamenes, annihilation of Macedonian detachment

Alexander takes up winter quarters at Zariaspa.

Execution of Bessus.

328 Campaign against Spitamenes.

Autumn: murder of Cleitus the Black.

Defeat and death of Spitamenes.

327 Spring: capture of the Soghdian Rock.

Alexander's marriage to Roxane.

Recruitment of 30,000 Perisan 'Successors'.

The 'Pages Conspiracy' and Callisthenes' end.

Early summer: Alexander recrosses Hindu Kush by Kushan Pass: the invasion of India begins.

Alexander reaches Nysa; the 'Dionysus episode'.

Capture of Aornos.

326 Advance to Taxila.

Battle of the Hydaspes against the rajah Porus.

Death of Bucephalas.

? July: Mutiny at the Hyphasis.

Return to the Jhelum: reinforcements move down-river.

campaign against Brahmin cities: Alexander seriously wounded.

325 Revolt in Bactria: 3000 mercenaries loose in Asia.

Alexander reaches Patala, builds harbor and dockyards.

? September: Alexander's march through Gedrosian Desert.

Defection of Harpalus from Asia Minor to Greece.

The satrapal purge begins.

Nearchus and the fleet reach Harmozia, link up with Alexander at Salmous.

Arrival of Craterus form Drangiana.

324 January: Nearches and fleet sent on to Susa.

The episode of Cyrus' tomb.

Alexander returns to Persepolis.

Move to Susa, long halt there.

Spring: arrival of 30,000 trained Persian 'Successors'.

The Susa mass-marriages.

March: the Exiles' Decree and the Deification Decree.

Craterus appointed to succeed Antiparter as Regent, and convoy troops home.

Alexander moves from Susa to Ecbatana.

Death of Hephaestion.

323 Assassination of Harpalus in Crete.

Alexander's Campaign against the Cossaeans and return to Babylon.

Alexander explores Pallacopas Canal; his boat-trip through the marshes.

Arrival of Antipater's son Cassander to negotiate with Alexander.

May 20/30: Alexander falls ill after a party; and dies on 10/11th June.